Car speakers

Car speakers are intended for playing music tracks and making hands-free calls. They are connected to the car audio and amplifier.

Operating principle

Speakers convert electrical vibrations into sound frequencies. The signal from the sound source is fed to the devices through cables. The coil vibrates in the magnetic field, thus oscillating the cone. A sound wave is created; its frequency depends on the frequency of the cone’s oscillation.

Types of available car speakers

By design type:

• Broadband. These speakers consist of a single driver that reproduces the entire frequency spectrum. They are suitable for listening to the radio and making hands-free calls. They complement standard vehicle configurations and are inexpensive.
• Coaxial. Several drivers with different frequency ranges are combined into a single device. Built-in or external crossovers act as filters. Such speakers ensure good sound quality.
• Three-way. Such speakers consist of low, medium, and high-frequency drivers. They ensure high sound quality, are difficult to install, and tend to be more expensive.

In terms of shape, the most common speakers are the following:

• Circular. These are installed in the front doors.
• Oval. These are installed in the back window ledge and, rarely, in the rear doors.

By suspension material:

• Textile. Such speakers sound good at low volumes.
• Rubber. These speakers do not interfere with vehicle operation even at full volume.

By cone material:

• Paper. Such cones are cheap and hydrophobically impregnated.
• Polypropylene. These are durable and moisture resistant.
• Fibreglass. These are wear-resistant and expensive.
• Aluminium. These are more expensive and rare.

By frequency range and driver sensitivity:

• Low frequency. 20 – 400 Hz, 86 – 90 dB.
• Medium frequency. 400 – 6,000 Hz, 89 – 93 dB.
• High frequency. 6,000 – 20,000 Hz, 90 – 93 dB.

Recommendations for using car speakers

1. Before installing a speaker system, cover the inside of the vehicle body elements with noise and vibration insulating materials. Embed the drivers on rigid plywood or medium-density fibreboard. This will ensure high-quality sound inside the vehicle.
2. To minimise parasitic vibrations, use special impregnation to reduce cone stiffness and make the sound clearer.
3. In cold weather, do not play music at more than 50% of the full volume. Rubber suspension will harden and condensation may form inside the drivers. Start at the minimum volume and increase it as the interior warms up.
4. Do not use the components at full volume, as this may damage them.

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